Extended-spectrum β-lactamases, transferable quinolone resistance, and virulotyping in extra-intestinal E. coli in Uruguay

Introduction: To characterize extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes in Escherichia coli isolates obtained from extra-intestinal samples in three Uruguayan hospitals. Methodology: Fifty-five ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were studied. Virulence genes, ESBLs, and PMQR genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction. ESBL-producing isolates were compared by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Multi-locus sequence typing was also performed on 13 selected isolates. Results: Thirty-seven isolates harbored blaCTX-M-15 (67.3%), eight blaCTX-M-2 (14.6%), five blaCTX-M-14 (9.1%), three carried both blaCTX-M-2 and blaCTX-M-14, one blaCTX-M-9, and one blaCTX-M-8. Among the CTX-M-15 producers, 92% belonged to sequence types ST131 and ST405, and carried aac(6’)Ib-cr as well. Isolates harboring blaCTX-M-2, blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-9, or blaCTX-M-8 were found to be genetically unrelated. Conclusions: The successful dissemination of CTX-M-15-producing E.coli isolates seems to be linked to the spreading of high-risk clones and horizontal gene transfer. A trade-off between carrying more antibiotic resistance and less virulence-related genes could partially account for the evolutionary advantages featured by successful clones.Fil: Vignoli, Rafael. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: García Fulgueiras, Virginia. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Cordeiro, Nicolás F.. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Bado, Inés. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Seija, Verónica. Universidad de la República; Uruguay. Hospital Pasteur de Montevideo; UruguayFil: Aguerrebere, Paula. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Laguna, Gabriel. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Araújo, Lucía. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Bazet, Cristina. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Gutkind, Gabriel Osvaldo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Chabalgoity Rodríguez, José Alejandro. Universidad de la República; Urugua

Innate immune responses to Proteus mirabilis flagellin in the urinary tract

Flagella are bacterial virulence factors allowing microorganisms to move over surfaces. Flagellin, the structural component of flagella, is sensed by the host via Toll and NOD-like receptors and triggers pro-inflammatory responses. The use of Toll-like receptors agonists to modulate innate immune responses has aroused great interest as an alternative to improve the treatment of diverse infectious diseases. Proteus mirabilis is a Gram negative bacterium that causes urinary tract infections in humans. In the present work we used different approaches to study the ability of P. mirabilis flagellin to induce an innate immune response. We demonstrated that P. mirabilis flagellin has the ability to induce pro-inflammatory chemokines expression in T24 bladder cultures cells and in the mouse bladder after instillation. It was evidenced also that flagellin from different P. mirabilis strains differed in their capacity to induce an innate immune response in the CacoCCL20-Luc system. Also, flagellin elicited inflammation, with recruitment of leukocytes to the bladder epithelium. Flagellin instillation before an experimental P. mirabilis infection showed that the inflammatory response due to flagellin did not help to clear the infection but favored bacterial colonization. Thus, induction of inflammatory response in the bladder did not contribute to P. mirabilis infection neutralizationFil: Umpiérrez, Analía Alejandra Sofía. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas "Clemente Estable"; UruguayFil: Scavone, Paola. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas "Clemente Estable"; UruguayFil: Romanin, David Emmanuel. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Laboratorio de Investigaciones del Sistema Inmune; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Marqués, Juan Martín. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Chabalgoity Rodríguez, José Alejandro. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Rumbo, Martín. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Laboratorio de Investigaciones del Sistema Inmune; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Zunino, Pablo. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas "Clemente Estable"; Urugua

Draft genome sequence of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Infantis strain SPE101, isolated from a chronic human infection

We report a 4.99-Mb draft genome sequence of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Infantis strain SPE101, isolated from feces of a 5-month-old breast-fed female showing diarrhea associated with severe dehydration and malnutrition. The infection prolonged for 6 months despite antibiotic treatment.Fil: Iriarte, Andrés. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Giner Lamia, Joaquín. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Silva, Claudia. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Biotecnología; MéxicoFil: Betancor, Laura. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Astocondor, Lizeth. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerúFil: Cestero, Juan J.. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Ochoa, Theresa. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerúFil: García, Coralith. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerúFil: Puente, José L.. Universidad de la República; Uruguay. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Biotecnología; MéxicoFil: Chabalgoity Rodríguez, José Alejandro. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: García del Portillo, Francisco. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Soncini, Fernando Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Garcia Vescovi, Eleonora. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Soleto, Lorena. Cenetrop; BoliviaFil: Flores, Griselda. Cenetrop; BoliviaFil: Pedraza, José. Cenetrop; BoliviaFil: Yim, Lucia. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Hinostroza, Noemí. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerúFil: Pucciarelli, M. Graciela. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Españ